Interannual Salinity Variability in the Tropical Pacific in CMIP5 Simulations     

Hai ZHI  Rong-Hua ZHANG  Pengfei LIN  Peng YU 《大气科学进展》2019,36(4):378-396

Salinity variability and its causes in the tropical Pacific are analyzed using observations, reanalysis products and model simulations. The mixed-layer salinity(MLS) budget analyses from observations and reanalysis products indicate that its interannual evolution is closely related to ENSO and is predominantly governed by surface forcing and surface advection in the western-central equatorial Pacific. It is found that the observed MLS tendency leads Nin?o3.4 by about 12 months due to the effect of negative freshwater flux(evaporation minus precipitation). These observation-based analyses are used to evaluate the corresponding simulation using GFDL-ESM2 M. It is evident that the model can simulate the spatiotemporal variations of MLS with some discrepancies compared to observations. In the warm pool of the equatorial Pacific the MLS tendency in the model is sensitive to ocean dynamics, however model biases cause the tendency to be underestimated. In particular, the freshwater flux is overestimated while the ocean surface zonal current and vertical velocity at the base of the mixed layer are underestimated. Due to model biases in representing the related physics, the effects of surface forcing on the simulated MLS budget are overestimated and those of subsurface and surface advection are relatively weak. Due to weaker surface advection and subsurface forcing than observed, the simulated compensations for surface forcing are suppressed, and the simulated MLS tendency that leads Nin?o3.4 by 8–10 months, which is shorter than the observed lead time. These results are useful for the interpretation of observational analyses and other model simulations in the tropical Pacific.  相似文献   

春季对流层温度的季内和季节以上分量对南海夏季风爆发的年代际变化的相对影响     

尤俊丽  简茂球  林晓霞 《热带气象学报》2019,35(3):313-323

南海夏季风爆发时间在1993/1994年出现显著的年代际提早, 探讨了大气要素场的不同时间尺度分量季节演变的年代际变异对南海夏季风爆发时间的年代际变异的相对影响作用。南海夏季风爆发时间的年代际提早与南海季风区对流层经向温度梯度季节性逆转的年代际提早有密切联系。南海季风区5月中对流层经向温度梯度年代际增强主要由季风区北部温度的年代际显著增暖造成。季内分量和季节以上分量对1993年之前南海季风区经向温度梯度逆转及加强时间偏晚的作用同等重要。经向温度梯度距平的季节以上分量主要源于季风区北部温度相应分量的贡献, 而季节内分量则主要由南部相应分量影响所致, 并由25~90 d分量所主导。季节以上分量对1994年之后南海季风区经向温度梯度逆转及加强时间偏早的贡献要大于季节内分量的贡献。经向温度梯度距平的季节以上分量和季内分量对总距平的正贡献都主要来自于季风区北部温度相应分量。两种季内低频分量对温度梯度季内分量的贡献率相当, 10~25 d分量主要由南海北部温度相应分量所主导, 25~90 d分量对总距平的正贡献也源自北部分量。准双周振荡分量对各年代南海夏季风爆发具有明显的触发作用。   相似文献   

INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY OF QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION OF STRATOSPHERIC ZONAL WIND     

韩浦城  简茂球  林晓霞 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(2):162-170

This study investigates the interdecadal variability of Quasi-biennial Oscillation (QBO) based on the sounding data in the stratosphere, ERA-40 and ERA-interim reanalysis data in the past 62 years. The QBO periodicity experiences a significant interdecadal variability; the longer (shorter) the mean period, the smaller (larger) the amplitude of variation is. The QBO amplitude varies in a cycle around 10 to 15 years and in an out-of-phase correlation with the period. In addition, there is an increasing trend of the QBO amplitude in 30 to 10 hPa, while a little declining trend in 70 to 40 hPa. The deviation of the QBO zonal wind extremum centers from the equator also shows interdecadal variability. The deviation location of the easterly core is generally in the reverse side to the westerly core, which means that when the easterly core is on one side of a hemisphere, the westerly core is on the other side.  相似文献   

电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定灌木枝叶中微量元素的样品预处理方法研究   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

林伟龙  王正海  王娟  蒋丽怡  范朝焰 《岩矿测试》2015,34(4):430-435

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定植物样品中微量元素的关键技术是消除植物样品的有机基体效应,本文通过预处理方法中的酸消解体系、称样量和消解方式消除其影响。以国家标准物质灌木枝叶组合样(GBW07603)为材料进行研究,对比分析了硝酸-过氧化氢、硝酸-氢氟酸、硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢3种酸溶体系的消解效果,以确定最佳酸溶体系,进而定量研究2种称样量(50 mg和100 mg)和3种消解方式(密封高压二次消解、密封高压一次消解、微波消解)的消解效果,并以In作为内标采用ICP-MS测定微量元素含量。结果表明:硝酸-氢氟酸-过氧化氢酸溶体系的消解效果最好;50 mg的测定值更接近于参考值;微波消解法的测定值明显偏低,而密封高压二次消解法是灌木枝叶样品预处理的有效方法。  相似文献   

殷马断裂带在桐柏山—大别山造山带中的地质意义探讨   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘欢  宋传中  林寿发  韩建军  马涛  由夏斌 《地质论评》2015,61(1):95-108

殷店—马垅断裂带是桐柏—大别造山带南缘一条重要的韧性断裂带,是桐柏—大别造山带内部发育的一条明显的岩地层单元界线,同时也是华北和扬子两大板碰撞挤压的产物。它与桐柏—大别造山带的形成,发展和演化,有着密不可分的联系。通过对殷店—马垅断裂带东西段野外岩性剖面对比分析、显微构造对比、有限应变测量对比分析、应力场分析等,发现尽管东、西段构造特征略有差异,但是殷店—马垅断裂整体是具有右旋运动性质的剪切带,殷店—马垅断裂带的形成对华北与扬子碰撞所产生的应力具有消减转移效应,它本身是一个塑性剪切最强的断裂带,它反映了造山带内部不同岩性的块体之间右旋流变的运动学模式,同时也可能充当着桐柏—大别山核部岩块相对扬子板块向东运动的的"润滑带"。  相似文献   

南支槽的客观识别方法及其气候特征   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

林志强 《高原气象》2015,(3):684-689

基于槽的客观识别方法,提出南支槽强度定义,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料500 h Pa高度场识别了1953 2012年冬半年逐日南支槽分布,利用线性趋势、Mann-Kendall突变检测和小波分析等分析了近60年南支槽的气候及其变化特征。结果表明:南支槽年平均活动频次为46.4次,活动最频繁区位于青藏高原中部南侧(90°E 92.5°E),强度自西向东减弱;1月和5月的活动频次最高,1月和2月的强度最大;近60年南支槽活动频次有增加趋势,每年平均增加0.12次,在1960年前后发生突变,之前年平均为39.8次,之后年平均为47.5次;最显著周期为7年。对南支槽不同位置的整层水汽输送通量合成分析表明,南支槽前为水汽输送异常大值区,该水汽输送大值区随南支槽东移而东移。  相似文献   

IMPACT OF TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS ON THE PRECIPITATION OF GUANGDONG IN JUNES     

林爱兰  李春晖  谷德军  郑彬 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(4):326-336

The impact of tropical intraseasonal oscillations on the precipitation of Guangdong in Junes and its physical mechanism are analyzed using 30-yr (1979 to 2008), 86-station observational daily precipitation of Guangdong and daily atmospheric data from NCEP-DOE Reanalysis. It is found that during the annually first rainy season (April to June), the modulating effect of the activity of intraseasonal oscillations propagating eastward along the equator (MJO) on the June precipitation in Guangdong is different from that in other months. The most indicative effect of MJO on positive (negative) anomalous precipitation over the whole or most of the province is phase 3 (phase 6) of strong MJO events in Junes. A Northwest Pacific subtropical high intensifies and extends westward during phase 3. Water vapor transporting along the edge of the subtropical high from Western Pacific enhances significantly the water vapor flux over Guangdong, resulting in the enhancement of the precipitation. The condition is reverse during phase 6. The mechanism for which the subtropical high intensifies and extends westward during phase 3 is related to the atmospheric response to the asymmetric heating over the eastern Indian Ocean. Analyses of two cases of sustained strong rainfall of Guangdong in June 2010 showed that both of them are closely linked with a MJO state which is both strong and in phase 3, besides the effect from a westerly trough. It is argued further that the MJO activity is indicative of strong rainfall of Guangdong in June. The results in the present work are helpful in developing strategies for forecasting severe rainfall in Guangdong and extending, combined with the outputs of dynamic forecast models, the period of forecasting validity.  相似文献   

江门地区雷雨大风天气的气候特征分析     

林雪仪  侯中阳 《广东气象》2015,37(2)

应用江门地区6个气象站的雷雨大风历史观测资料,对江门市雷雨大风天气的气候特征进行了分析。结果表明:江门地区雷雨大风天气具有南部多于北部,沿海多于陆地的明显的地域性特征;雷雨大风年均日数为6.4 d,具有明显的年代际特征;雷雨大风月变化具有单峰型特征,且主要集中在汛期(4—9月);一天中任何时段都有可能出现雷雨大风天气,主峰值在13:00—15:00之间;发生7—8级的雷雨大风最多,占总数的88.9%,且多出现在6—7月;风力达到11级以上的雷雨大风只出现过6次,占总数的1.3%,且均出现在9月份。  相似文献   

OBJECTIVE CLASSIFICATION OF THE TRACKS OF TROPICAL STORMS IN THE BAY OF BENGAL   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

林志强  边巴扎西  文胜军  周振波 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2015,21(3):222-231

An objective analysis of tropical cyclone tracks is performed, with which the tracks of 131 tropical storms (TSs) in 1972-2011 are separated into three types that move west-, north- and northwestward, denoted as Types A, B and C, respectively. Type A (21 TSs and 16% of total) has the origin in the southwestern Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a unimodal distribution as its seasonal feature, occurring mainly in autumn; 18 of the 21 TSs (taking up 90%) land mostly on the western Bay coast (west of 85°E); 5% of Type-A TSs attains the wind speed of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s. Type A has little or no effect on Tibet. Type B (74 TSs, 56.6% of the total) has its preferable origin in the central Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a bimodal distribution as its seasonal pattern. This type denotes the travel in the north in spring, with the landfall of 67 of the 74 TSs (accounting for 91%) mainly on the middle coast of the Bay (85° to 95°E), and 19% of the TSs reaching the wind velocity of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s, which exert great effect on Tibet and it is this TS track that gives strong precipitation on its way through this region. Type C (36 TSs, 27.5% of the total) has its main origin in the southern part of the bay, and these TSs are formed largely in autumn, moving in the northwest direction, and 23 of the 36 TSs (64%) land mostly on the western Bay coast, lasting for a longer time, with almost no impact upon Tibet.  相似文献   

台风“苏力”灾害风险与防御行为效益评估     

杨林  曹春荣  林秋  明章  林文华  赵珊珊 《气象与环境学报》2015,31(1):106-112

利用2013年台风“苏力”的监测资料、台风灾情资料、2000年后福建省台风灾害数据库资料和台风“苏力”灾害防御行为效益评估网络问卷调查资料,采用相似分析法的上下限区间估算法,预评估台风“苏力”造成的受灾人口和直接经济损失,并利用台风灾害风险区划方法,对台风“苏力”进行灾害风险区划。结果表明：台风“苏力”预评估结果与实际灾情相符,台风“苏力”灾害风险分布与实际灾情分布大部分一致,风险等级高的县市,实际灾情重,高风险区的大部县市直接经济损失均为1000万元以上。应用台风灾害防御行为效益评估三级指标体系,通过调查统计分析可知,指标体系中的各级各项指数均能较好地反映和评估政府主导、部门联动和公众参与的防御行为效益,政府主导在各类减灾行为中作用最大。  相似文献